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Bobby Fischer

Robert James Fischer  "Bobby Fischer" was a chess master, he is youngest player to win the U.S. Chess Championship at 14, and the first American-born player to win the World Chess Championship. He was the eleventh World Chess Champion. Many consider him to be the greates chess player of all time.

Chess

Fischer first learned chess when he was 6. At 13, he won a "Brilliancy" that became known as "The Game of  Centurty". Fischer played in eight U.S. Championship, winning each by at least a one-point margin and eventually became the youngest international grand master at the age of 15. At age 20, Fischer won the 1963–64 U.S. Championship with 11/11, the only perfect score in the history of the tournament. In July 1971, he became the first official FIDE number one rated palyer. In 1972, he beat Boris Spassky on World Chess Championship of the USSR in a match held in Rekjavik.

On the 20th anniversary of the famed Fischer/Spassky game, the two met again in 1992 to play a $5 million rematch in Yugoslavia, although travel to the country by American citizens was illegal at the time because of U.N. embargo at the time

Fischer made numerous lasting contributions to chess. In the 1990s, he patented a modified chess timing system that added a time increment after each move, now a standard practice in top tournament and match play. He also invented Fischerandom, known today as "Chess960".

Personal life

Robert James Fischer was born in Chicago, Illinois, on March 9, 1943. Fischer's parents divorced when he was a toddler, and he began learning chess at the age of 6 after his older sister Joan bought him a chess set. He joined the Brooklyn Chess Club and Manhattan Chess Club when he was young. 

After forfeiting his title as World Champion, Fischer became reclusive and sometimes erratic, disappearing from both competitive chess and the public eye. After his rematch with Boris Spassky on 1992 which led a conflict with the U.S. goverments he lived his life as an emigre . In 2004, he was arrested in Japan and held for several months for using a passport that had been revoked by the U.S. government. Eventually, he was granted an Icelandic passport and citizenship by a special act of the Icelandic Althing, allowing him to live in Iceland until his death in 2008.

On January 17, 2008, Fischer died at age 64 from renal failure at the Landspítaly Hospital (National University Hospital of Iceland) in Reykjavík.